10 CON SỐ VỀ SỨC KHỎE TÂM THẦN
Mental health: a state of well-being - Sức khỏe tâm thần: giai đoạn thoải mái
10 FACTS ON MENTAL HEALTH - 10 CON SỐ VỀ SỨC KHỎE TÂM THẦN
Fact 1 - Sự thật 1:
Around 20% of the world's children and adolescents have mental disorders or problems.
Khoảng 20% trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên trên toàn thế giới có bệnh hoặc vấn đề về sức khỏe tâm thần.
About half of mental disorders begin before the age of 14. Similar types of disorders are being reported across cultures. Neuropsychiatric disorders are among the leading causes of worldwide disability in young people. Yet, regions of the world with the highest percentage of population under the age of 19 have the poorest level of mental health resources. Most low- and middle-income countries have only one child psychiatrist for every 1 to 4 million people.
Fact 2 - Sự thật 2:
Mental and substance use disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide.
Rối loạn tâm thần và nghiện chất là những nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tàn phế trên toàn thế giới.
About 23% of all years lost because of disability is caused by mental and substance use disorders.
Fact 3 - Sự thật 3:
About 800 000 people commit suicide every year. - Mỗi năm, có khoảng 800.000 người chết vì tự sát.
Over 800 000 people die due to suicide every year and suicide is the second leading cause of death in 15-29-year-olds. There are indications that for each adult who died of suicide there may have been more than 20 others attempting suicide. 75% of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Mental disorders and harmful use of alcohol contribute to many suicides around the world. Early identification and effective management are key to ensuring that people receive the care they need.
Fact 4 - Sự thật 4:
War and disasters have a large impact on mental health and psychosocial well-being.
Chiến tranh và thảm họa có ảnh hưởng to lớn đến sức khỏe tâm thần và trạng thái thỏa mái về tâm lý.
Rates of mental disorder tend to double after emergencies.
Fact 5 - Sự thật 5:
Mental disorders are important risk factors for other diseases, as well as unintentional and intentional injury.
Các rối loạn tâm thần là những nguy cơ quan trọng ảnh hưởng đến các bệnh khác, có thể gây thương tích có chủ ý và không chủ ý cho bản thân hoặc xung quanh.
Mental disorders increase the risk of getting ill from other diseases such as HIV, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and vice-versa.
Fact 6 - Sự thật 6:
Stigma and discrimination against patients and families prevent people from seeking mental health care.
Kỳ thị và phân biệt đối xử với bệnh nhân và gia đình làm gia tăng khoảng cách tiếp cận các dịch vụ tâm thần.
Misunderstanding and stigma surrounding mental ill health are widespread. Despite the existence of effective treatments for mental disorders, there is a belief that they are untreatable or that people with mental disorders are difficult, not intelligent, or incapable of making decisions. This stigma can lead to abuse, rejection and isolation and exclude people from health care or support. Within the health system, people are too often treated in institutions which resemble human warehouses rather than places of healing.
Fact 7 - Sự thật 7:
Human rights violations of people with mental and psychosocial disability are routinely reported in most countries.
Vi phạm quyền con người đối với bệnh nhân tâm thần và tàn tật.
These include physical restraint, seclusion and denial of basic needs and privacy. Few countries have a legal framework that adequately protects the rights of people with mental disorders.
Fact 8 - Sự thật 8:
Globally, there is huge inequity in the distribution of skilled human resources for mental health.
Thiếu hụt và không đồng đều về nguồn lực làm việc trong ngành tâm thần tồn tại khắp nơi trên thế giới.
Shortages of psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychologists and social workers are among the main barriers to providing treatment and care in low- and middle-income countries. Low-income countries have 0.05 psychiatrists and 0.42 nurses per 100 000 people. The rate of psychiatrists in high income countries is 170 times greater and for nurses is 70 times greater.
Fact 9 - Sự thật 9:
There are 5 key barriers to increasing mental health services availability.
In order to increase the availability of mental health services, there are 5 key barriers that need to be overcome: the absence of mental health from the public health agenda and the implications for funding; the current organization of mental health services; lack of integration within primary care; inadequate human resources for mental health; and lack of public mental health leadership.
5 rào cản làm ngăn trở sự phát triển dịch vụ sức khỏe tâm thần:
1. Thiếu sức khỏe tâm thần trong chính sách y tế công cộng
2. Cơ cấu tổ chức và dịch vụ hiện có
3. Thiếu liên kết với chăm sóc sức khỏe ban đầu
4. Thiếu nhân lực.
5. Thiếu các nhà lãnh đạo về y tế công cộng.
Fact 10 - Sự thật 10:
Financial resources to increase services are relatively modest.
Nguồn tài chính đầu tư cho sức khỏe tâm thần còn thấp.
Governments, donors and groups representing mental health service users and their families need to work together to increase mental health services, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The financial resources needed are relatively modest: US$ 2 per capita per year in low-income countries and US$ 3-4 in lower middle-income countries.
